Decentralized Materials Data Management using Blockchain, Non-Fungible Tokens, and Interplanetary File System in Web3

Abstract

In materials science, utilizing globally distributed data is essential for advancing materials design through technologies such as materials informatics. Achieving this requires secure, transparent, and efficient methods for managing and sharing materials data. This study explores the potential of blockchain, smart contracts, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) within the Web3 framework for managing and sharing materials data. We developed and tested a prototype data management system using a thermophysical properties dataset. This system facilitates NFT minting, data storage on IPFS, and secure, traceable ownership transfer of NFTs, enhancing traceability, transparency, and security in data sharing. Additionally, decentralized systems employing blockchain technology, smart contracts, NFTs, and IPFS effectively address vulnerabilities associated with single points of failure common in traditional centralized systems. This study offers valuable insights for future materials design, demonstrating the efficacy of blockchain and related technologies in managing and sharing materials data.